{"id":2115,"date":"2026-03-29T23:45:41","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T23:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/creating-maintainable-data-flow-diagrams-long-term-projects\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T23:45:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T23:45:41","slug":"creating-maintainable-data-flow-diagrams-long-term-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/creating-maintainable-data-flow-diagrams-long-term-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Sketch-style infographic titled 'Creating Maintainable Data Flow Diagrams for Long-Term Projects' showing key principles for sustainable DFD documentation. Features a hierarchical pyramid illustrating Context Diagram to Level 1 decomposition with hand-drawn DFD symbols (process circles, entity squares, data store open rectangles, flow arrows). Center panel displays naming convention examples: verb-noun process names like 'Calculate Tax', specific data flow labels like 'Customer Order Details', and plural noun data stores like 'Orders'. Right section demonstrates visual discipline with grid alignment, shape legend, and arrow routing best practices. Bottom section highlights three common pitfalls to avoid: Black Hole processes (inputs without outputs), Miracle processes (outputs without inputs), and Ghost Flows (orphaned arrows), each with warning icons. Includes a maintenance checklist with checkboxes for verb-noun naming, plural stores, balanced flows, version tagging, and legend inclusion. Footer emphasizes treating diagrams as code with version control, quarterly audits, and team knowledge sharing. Hand-drawn pencil sketch aesthetic with light shading, clean line art, and organized 16:9 layout for technical documentation teams.\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/maintainable-data-flow-diagrams-infographic-sketch.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t DFD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh: B\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n:<\/strong>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con thay v\u00ec th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1: Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n<p>Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00f3 th\u00eam. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i bong b\u00f3ng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 &#8220;<em>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/em>, <em>T\u1ea1o<\/em>, <em>X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c <em>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Danh t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> Theo sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. <em>T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf<\/em> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n <em>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n thu\u1ebf<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 <em>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 <em>X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>M\u0169i t\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e3n n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y sang \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec <em>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em>, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hay b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. <em>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/em> so v\u1edbi <em>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng logic c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> V\u00ec m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi, t\u00ean n\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, <em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>, <em>Giao d\u1ecbch<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 <em>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Logic so v\u1edbi V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean logic. <em>B\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u 1<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean v\u1eadt l\u00fd. <em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean logic v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nhanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u0103n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc:<\/strong>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 chung \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch theo chi\u1ec1u ngang:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u0169i t\u00ean:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1eaft nhau c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft nhau l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u CSS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ean li\u00ean quan n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem d\u00e0nh cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/strong>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem d\u00e0nh cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QA):<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>V\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 <em>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 bi\u1ebft phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o commit:<\/strong> Khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o commit gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <em>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>G\u1eafn th\u1ebb:<\/strong> G\u1eafn th\u1ebb c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: v1.2.0).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>S\u1ed1 trang:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t sang PDF, h\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 trang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1edbm gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ed7 \u0110en<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ed7 \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng bong b\u00f3ng quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 <em>B\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a<\/em> ho\u1eb7c <em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u1ed7i<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c logic \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i ra.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea9n, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lu\u1ed3ng ma<\/h3>\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng ma l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i sai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau trong m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"\/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>M\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/\u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 \u0111en (\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u (\u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>S\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>B\u1ea3ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" style=\"padding: 8px;\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian \u23f3<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt DFD. Kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt DFD.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Xem x\u00e9t:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n<p>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c theo m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169:<\/strong>Tham gia c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kinh doanh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn:<\/strong>Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ebd trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong c\u00e1ch cho nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n<p>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft duy tr\u00ec c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh. Khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. 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