{"id":2113,"date":"2026-04-11T10:44:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T10:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/robust-entity-relationship-diagram-components\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T10:44:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T10:44:51","slug":"robust-entity-relationship-diagram-components","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/robust-entity-relationship-diagram-components\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u00f3. N\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb (cardinality), m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

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\"Child's<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Quan h\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m T\u00ean, Email v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh thoi n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t, trong khi kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau:<\/p>\n

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    • T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
    • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, ISBN v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. ISBN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u00eca.<\/p>\n

      Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> thay v\u00ec “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u)”<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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      • S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>T\u00ean n\u00ean t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

        Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

        Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

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        • Kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3:<\/strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra (nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean) kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh danh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (nh\u01b0 S\u1ed1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c Email). Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Quy t\u1eafc lan truy\u1ec1n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi cha b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb x\u00f3a, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt hay \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng?<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh suy ra<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u00f4i khi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0y sinh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh suy ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic kinh doanh li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

            T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            M\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1ed9t-Nhi\u1ec1u (1:N)<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u (N:M)<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B.<\/td>\nSinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Tri\u1ec3n khai quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

            Trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u). B\u1ea3ng trung gian n\u00e0y chia m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh hai quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ed9t-Nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>B\u1ea3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
            • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 logic v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

              K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1<\/h3>\n

              Phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t, trong khi ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 (ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

              K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen<\/h3>\n

              Phong c\u00e1ch c\u0169 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, n\u00f3 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n

              L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n

              T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

              Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n
              • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
              • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u trong b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i, vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

                Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ecdi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong khi v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

                \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, th\u00ec logic \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                Thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o, Th\u1eddi gian c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi gian x\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
                • Chu k\u1ef3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u2705<\/h2>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  M\u1ee5c trong danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt) kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cha h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb (cardinality) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng trung gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                  X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ERD ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd debug v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 sau n\u00e0y. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2114,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc? \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb (cardinality) v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.","source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_fifu_image_alt":"","fifu_alt":"","_fifu_alt":"","fifu_image_title":"","_fifu_image_title":"","fifu_input_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[89,92],"asset-category":[],"class_list":["post-2113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-design","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","yoast_head":"\n\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc? \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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