{"id":2111,"date":"2026-04-01T18:30:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T18:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/deep-dive-into-data-flow-diagrams-theory-and-application\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T18:30:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T18:30:12","slug":"deep-dive-into-data-flow-diagrams-theory-and-application","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/deep-dive-into-data-flow-diagrams-theory-and-application\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a DFD m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c, DFD nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a DFD l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/strong> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/strong> n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c minh logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do Edward Yourdon v\u00e0 Larry Constantine, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD \ud83e\uddf1<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, thao t\u00e1c ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho ho\u1eb7c ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t. DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0)<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 1<\/h3>\n

    Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00eam th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD M\u1ee9c 2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a DFD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/td>\nBi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t cao (m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/td>\nCao (c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2<\/td>\nLogic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\nL\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 3+<\/td>\nLogic thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/td>\nL\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u2705<\/h2>\n

    Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cThu\u1ebf\u201d). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

      B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ai kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch? Ai nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o? V\u1ebd ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bao quanh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

      M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ebd ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u1edbi b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

      D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp tin. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp nhau gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 con hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ecf qua logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
      • Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD):<\/strong>ERD m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
      • Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
        • Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘Th\u00f4ng tin \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng’ trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
        • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ecf qua x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf microservices v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

          Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Microservices<\/h3>\n

          Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. DFD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

          C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (Nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng khai, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

          T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/li>\n
          • Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, cung c\u1ea5p logic chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n

            Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n \/ H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf \/ C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nB\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, T\u1eadp tin nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nH\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Xem x\u00e9t n\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

            Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c DFD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
            • X\u1eed l\u00fd song song:<\/strong>Khi nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y can thi\u1ec7p l\u1eabn nhau.<\/li>\n
            • V\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

              Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

              S\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m. D\u00f9 \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). 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