{"id":2035,"date":"2026-04-01T05:06:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T05:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/data-flow-diagrams-for-business-analysts-practical-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T05:06:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T05:06:55","slug":"data-flow-diagrams-for-business-analysts-practical-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vn\/data-flow-diagrams-for-business-analysts-practical-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2014m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf giao ti\u1ebfp v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i t\u1eebng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a DFD t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh doanh. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:D\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, DFD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (As-Is) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (To-Be). N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin logic.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao DFD l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n
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  • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Khi l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD chu\u1ea9n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (nh\u01b0 Gane & Sarson ho\u1eb7c Yourdon & DeMarco) c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, C\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
    • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef), v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong DFD, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7cl\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>\u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf, X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
      • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc2<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
        • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi kho \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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          • Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, \u201cChi ti\u1ebft thanh to\u00e1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
          • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0) \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cDoanh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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            • Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>Ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
            • <Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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              • Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
              • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 (v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n) \ud83d\udd0d<\/h3>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p 1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udea7<\/h3>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho ai?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n

                  Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb khi h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng \u201cQuy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t\u201d n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

                  X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udce1<\/h3>\n

                  V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng sang H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sang Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/strong>ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 nh\u1eadn \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5p 2 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng: Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                  R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh sai s\u00f3t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \/ Logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Logic<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (C\u00f3\/Kh\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\/k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u treo:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nowhere. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                  • L\u1ed7 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • L\u1ef1c h\u00fat h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere.<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Xem kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                  • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong DFD:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (N\u1ebfu\/Th\u00ec). D\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \u2705<\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1eeb DFD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cS\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                    2. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcd0<\/h3>\n

                    M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                    3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t logic, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd \ud83e\udde0<\/h3>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic (Logical DFD) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd (Physical DFD) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic.<\/p>\n

                    4. Tham gia s\u1edbm c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \ud83e\udd1d<\/h3>\n

                    V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, ti\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                    5. Duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udcc5<\/h3>\n

                    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (RSD) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                    • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho c\u00e1ch xa, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
                    • Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                      Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh logic.<\/p>\n

                      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n

                      T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\u201d. Theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qua t\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

                      Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u201d. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

                      Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con.<\/p>\n

                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \ud83d\uded2<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d g\u1eedi \u201c\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d. \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d g\u1eedi \u201cT\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n kho\u201d.<\/p>\n

                      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGiao h\u00e0ng\u201d. \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u T\u1ed3n kho\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u201cNh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u T\u1ed3n kho\u201d. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

                      B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                      H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m giao n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra. N\u1ebfu hai quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc g\u1ed9p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c quan cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a logic kinh doanh. Ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                        M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau m\u0169i t\u00ean. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                        V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Kinh doanh: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-2035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Kinh doanh: M\u1ed9t H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh. 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