{"id":2019,"date":"2026-03-28T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T12:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/how-to-draw-data-flow-diagram-step-by-step\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T12:00:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T12:00:41","slug":"how-to-draw-data-flow-diagram-step-by-step","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/how-to-draw-data-flow-diagram-step-by-step\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\uddd0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. M\u1ed9t DFD m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c minh logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

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  • Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
  • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t DFD \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh. M\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Yourdon & DeMarco ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Gane & Sarson. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u00edch:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

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      • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft).<\/li>\n
      • G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh bong b\u00f3ng t\u00f9y theo chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc2<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef logic. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • M\u1edf vs. \u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ghi v\u00e0o kho.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

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          • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
          • N\u1ed9i dung:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nLo\u1ea1i nh\u00e3n<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \/ H\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nDanh t\u1eeb<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \/ H\u1ed9p bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nC\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \/ H\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5<\/td>\nDanh t\u1eeb<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83d\udcc8 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ee9c 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bao quanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

              M\u1ee9c 1: C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \ud83d\udd0d<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ee9c 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u1ee9c 0.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf M\u1ee9c 0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ee9c 2: C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft \ud83d\udd2c<\/h3>\n

                M\u1ee9c 2 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb logic chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  M\u1ee9c<\/th>\nT\u1eadp trung<\/th>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/th>\nKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  M\u1ee9c 0<\/td>\nPh\u1ea1m vi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n1 (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng)<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  M\u1ee9c 1<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u270d\ufe0f Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong su\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi \ud83d\udea7<\/h3>\n

                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n

                  Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ai g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/li>\n
                  • Ai nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    V\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y xung quanh vi\u1ec1n khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 7 cho C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1).<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

                      V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m tra xem d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                      • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                      • \u0110\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc2<\/h3>\n

                        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
                        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp theo \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • N\u1ebfu M\u1ee9c 0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, th\u00ec M\u1ee9c 1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                          • N\u1ebfu M\u1ee9c 1 chia t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha.<\/li>\n
                          • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i (c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n
                          • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i (c\u00e1c kho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \ud83e\udde0 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc<\/h2>\n

                            Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                            1. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                            T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cNh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u201d).<\/li>\n
                            • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                            • Kho: Danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1eadp tin Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                            • Lu\u1ed3ng: T\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho\u201d).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              2. Tr\u00e1nh logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \ud83d\udeab<\/h3>\n

                              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia lu\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n logic b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                              3. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                              Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi c\u1ea3 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd hai m\u0169i t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                              4. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

                              D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m vi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

                              5. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111en v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                              • Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                                Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                                Sai l\u1ea7m 1: Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                                K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p 0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p 1 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trang s\u1ebd g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                                L\u1ed7i 2: H\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                                \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o kho.<\/p>\n

                                L\u1ed7i 3: Nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

                                Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin\u201d, \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cChi ti\u1ebft\u201d. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. \u201cChi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                                L\u1ed7i 4: B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                                B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                                \ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n

                                Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic<\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. N\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y so v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7p tin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 suy ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                                  \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

                                  C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 khi n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh DFD.<\/p>\n

                                  B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

                                  M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9a \u201cM\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cS\u1ed1 th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                                  \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n

                                  Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                                  Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                                  • Nh\u00e3n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                                  • Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n
                                  • X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-2019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. 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