{"id":2015,"date":"2026-03-30T10:45:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T10:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-enterprise-system-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T10:45:05","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T10:45:05","slug":"data-flow-diagrams-enterprise-system-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-enterprise-system-design\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn logic m\u1edd \u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c module t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u0129nh, DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 ra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ec7ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n logic c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

\u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, DFD l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian hay logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra logic, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi kho; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. M\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf doanh nghi\u1ec7p, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcc8 C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong DFD<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, DFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nhau xem h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><\/th>\nT\u00ean th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    0<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 1<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 2 (Level 2 DFD)<\/td>\nC\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 3 (Level 3 DFD)<\/td>\nC\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0)<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i qua ranh gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p 1 (Level 1 DFD)<\/h3>\n

      Khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 1 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
      • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 2 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p 3<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p 1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f L\u1ee3i \u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n

        T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 giao ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n
        • Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m di chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
        • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong>Khi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di d\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
        • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng [C\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb], v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cChi ti\u1ebft thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf DFD. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

          H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1.0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 1.1, 1.2 v\u00e0 1.3. N\u1ebfu 1.2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00eam, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 1.2.1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          Tr\u00e1nh logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

          \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ed1 \u0111en. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
          • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho. M\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai kho ho\u1eb7c hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 sai. M\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u00e9t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u giao n\u1ed9p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ghi l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, x\u00e1c minh xem vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecfi h\u1ecd xem c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Khi th\u00eam c\u00e1c API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udd17 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD):<\/strong> ERD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. DFD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Use Case Diagrams):<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. DFD m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh DFD gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
              • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 (Sequence Diagrams):<\/strong> S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. DFD th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho logic giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 DFD cho c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83c\udfaf Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Khi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo sau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-2015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac doanh nghi\u1ec7p. 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