L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<link href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/history-and-evolution-of-unified-modeling-language\" rel=\"canonical\"\/>\n<meta content=\"Explore the history and evolution of Unified Modeling Language (UML). Understand its standardization, versions, and impact on software architecture.\" name=\"description\"\/><br \/>\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f0f7ff; border-left: 5px solid #007bff; padding: 20px; margin: 25px 0; border-radius: 4px; font-family: sans-serif;\">\n<h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; color: #0056b3; font-size: 1.5rem;\">\ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"margin-bottom: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.6; color: #333;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> UML \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a OMG:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong>Giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> T\u1eeb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5, UML \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc UML \ud83d\udd70\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ri\u00eang. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong giao ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhau. Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘Ba \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n’.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p <strong>Booch<\/strong>, do Grady Booch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ri\u00eang cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Song song v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p <strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOSE)<\/strong> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ivar Jacobson \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay sang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 <strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMT)<\/strong>, do James Rumbaugh t\u1ea1o ra. OMT n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ba t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u2014 Booch, Rumbaugh v\u00e0 Jacobson \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. Nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Booch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. OOSE mang \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. OMT cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 OMG \ud83d\udcdc<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ba t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG). OMG l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edf thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. OMG \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, UML \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1edbn. M\u1ed7i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.0 (1997)<\/strong> thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.1 (1998)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>1.2 (1999)<\/strong> tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.3 (2001)<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>1.5 (2003)<\/strong> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.5 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft cho m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.0 (2005)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng UML, cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a metamodel, l\u00e0m cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5 (2017)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.4 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.5 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">N\u0103m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">1.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">1997<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n OMG \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2005<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng & S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2.4.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2015<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">Tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2.5.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">2017<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 12px;\">H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>UML trong Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh UML \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n song song v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (MDA). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh m\u00e3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sinh m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83d\udd2d<\/h2>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u01a1n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i: r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Trong khi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f \ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: UML \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Chung \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Chung (UML). Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[89,90],"class_list":["post-2000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Chung \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Chung (UML). 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