{"id":1990,"date":"2026-03-21T13:25:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/use-case-diagrams-functional-requirements\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T13:25:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:25:43","slug":"use-case-diagrams-functional-requirements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/use-case-diagrams-functional-requirements\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML: Ghi nh\u1eadn Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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\ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n
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    T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Include, Extend v\u00e0 Generalization \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    X\u00e1c minh Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

    Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML), cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

    \u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng?\u201d Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00ec ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

    Khi ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 UML. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

    1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ‘ai’ trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

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      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Ph\u1ee5:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 \u201cJohn\u201d, h\u00e3y g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n theo vai tr\u00f2 \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

      2. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u1ea1o B\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

      3. Quan h\u1ec7 Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n, m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ai kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      Ghi nh\u1eadn Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

      Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: \u201cAi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cAi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra?\u201d<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

      V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

      K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e2ng cao \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. UML cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Bao g\u1ed3m \u2795<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Bao g\u1ed3m cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u27a1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u1ec9 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a \ud83d\udcc9<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cha. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba logic c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

      		\n

      M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      M\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      T\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3\u201d) v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea5p cao v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Khi m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m neo tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        Trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 UML. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

        Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp. Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn UML","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. 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