{"id":1870,"date":"2026-03-25T16:22:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T16:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/uml-questions-frequently-asked-in-technical-interviews\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T16:22:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T16:22:23","slug":"uml-questions-frequently-asked-in-technical-interviews","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/uml-questions-frequently-asked-in-technical-interviews\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi UML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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\ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (t\u0129nh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi (\u0111\u1ed9ng) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>Bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cho lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thay v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

    Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt backend, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a UML \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 UML, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp thay v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n? T\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i logic kinh doanh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Trong bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1ed9t Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-m\u1ed9t\u201d m\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; n\u1ebfu B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, c\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ph\u00f2ng; n\u1ebfu Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf, c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c module, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c thi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft; s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

      3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o; s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

      4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n

      D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay quanh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

      So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

      		\n

      Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c module<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u201cC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u201cHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m T.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ghi l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00ec ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

      1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0, \u201cT\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ai?\u201d. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 g\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch thanh to\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

        3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

        Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

        4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i qua trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X?\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

        5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

        Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c logic thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t; s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udcac<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong> \u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

        C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mong \u0111\u1ee3i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code>, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>, v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/code>. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

        T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: Lu\u1ed3ng X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong> \u201cV\u1ebd lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o (token).\u201d<\/p>\n

        C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mong \u0111\u1ee3i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Backend, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, Truy v\u1ea5n, Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u01a1i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

        T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 3: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong> \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p sang \u0110\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n?\u201d<\/p>\n

        C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi mong \u0111\u1ee3i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p, \u0110ang xem x\u00e9t, \u0110\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, \u0110\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp: G\u1eedi \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, Duy\u1ec7t, T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, L\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Duy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho UML trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          Nh\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cs\u1edf h\u1eefu\u201d, \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          Gi\u1eef cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh giao nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        3. \n

          K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML chu\u1ea9n cho m\u0169i t\u00ean, h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        4. \n

          Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang x\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        5. \n

          T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) \ud83d\udccf<\/h2>\n

          Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n UML. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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          • \n

            1:1 (M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp B (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            1:N (M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp B (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t Ph\u00f2ng ban c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            M:N (Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u1edbp B (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng giao \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML.<\/p>\n

            Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

            UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng logic. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng UML, b\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u1ebd c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean coi tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fac may m\u1eafn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (t\u0129nh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi (\u0111\u1ed9ng) trong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n UML: C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho v\u00f2ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n UML thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[89,90],"class_list":["post-1870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n UML: C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho v\u00f2ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 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