{"id":1806,"date":"2026-03-28T10:20:57","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T10:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/understanding-data-flow-diagrams-beginners-roadmap\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T10:20:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T10:20:57","slug":"understanding-data-flow-diagrams-beginners-roadmap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/understanding-data-flow-diagrams-beginners-roadmap\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 DFD, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0od\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ra. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em> c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh logic m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin tu\u00e2n theo. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>Di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh logic thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
  • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (\ud83d\udc64)<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/strong>C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
    • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (\u2699\ufe0f)<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng, n\u1ed9i dung ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (\ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f)<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef logic. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/strong>T\u1eadp tin, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
        • T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (\u27a1\ufe0f)<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua. Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef:<\/strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n
          • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
          • Quy t\u1eafc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

            C\u00f3 hai phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nYourdon & DeMarco<\/th>\nGane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            C\u1ea3 hai phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udcc9 C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c chia m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cBi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 chia quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

                Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3) \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udee3\ufe0f C\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u; b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 logic.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Ai kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh?<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Ai nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                    Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                    Chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Th\u00eam kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: \u0110\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00f9ng \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cG\u1eedi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

                    Ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh cha c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • H\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                    • K\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/li>\n
                    • L\u1ed7i L\u01b0u tr\u1eef D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
                    • Nh\u00e3n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cho nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec danh t\u1eeb. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d).<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83c\udd9a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h2>\n

                      R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                      Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh thoi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83c\udf1f L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                      T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
                      • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>L\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
                      • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udd0d V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

                        H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                        • Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u1ea5p s\u00e1ch, Tr\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch, T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm danh m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
                        • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n kho s\u00e1ch, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                        • Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch (\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho (Quy tr\u00ecnh). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, n\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 (Quy tr\u00ecnh). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t (\u0110\u1ea7u ra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn; logic n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                          \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/li>\n
                          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1edbp nhau \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
                          • X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hay th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                          • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o ngay t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Trong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nHi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. 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