{"id":1802,"date":"2026-03-28T11:19:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T11:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/scaling-data-flow-diagrams-large-scale-projects\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T11:19:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T11:19:24","slug":"scaling-data-flow-diagrams-large-scale-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/scaling-data-flow-diagrams-large-scale-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng DFD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1eb3ng duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111a c\u1ea5p cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac M\u1ee9c 0, M\u1ee9c 1, M\u1ee9c 2. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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  • M\u1ee9c 0 (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ee9c 1 (Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng):<\/strong> M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 0 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ee9c 2 (C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft):<\/strong> M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb M\u1ee9c 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a logic, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong M\u1ee9c 1. M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh M\u1ee9c 1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\udd28<\/h2>\n

    Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n

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    • M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh bong b\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c khung qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia t\u00e1ch. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y ng\u0103n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d, \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trang gi\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng song song ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 g\u1eedi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p duy nh\u1ea5t. Chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trung gian s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u201cKho_L\u01b0u_T\u00e0i_Kho\u1ea3n_Ng\u01b0\u1eddi_D\u00f9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u1eadt_K\u00fd_Giao_D\u1ecbch\u201d. T\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng ghi:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay ch\u1ec9 truy v\u1ea5n n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
      • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chia s\u1ebb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef sang kho kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra quy tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ETL ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00f3m. G\u00f3i c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 logic. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m che khu\u1ea5t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

        Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83c\udf10<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u0169, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c mong \u0111\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/li>\n
        • T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 chung duy nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d) k\u00e8m theo ghi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00ean ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00fa th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau. M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> G\u00e1n s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
          • S\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00fd do thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li>\n
          • V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. C\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y n\u00ean tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i ai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            So s\u00e1nh: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/th>\nDFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thang \u0111o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n1 \u0111\u1ebfn 5<\/td>\n20 \u0111\u1ebfn 100+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n1 (Ph\u1eb3ng)<\/td>\n3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 (Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nB\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y<\/td>\nPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nTh\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xem x\u00e9t<\/td>\nV\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nTheo t\u1eebng Sprint\/Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Chi ti\u1ebft kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nChung chung<\/td>\nC\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/td>\nTo\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u2705<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o DFD v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t sau. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-Danh t\u1eeb\u201d cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giao nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y:<\/strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y giao nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u01a1i l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 API:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API. Tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
              • Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft so v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a logic c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 2. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
                • B\u1ecf qua lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong>Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d, \u201cD\u1eebng\u201d, \u201cL\u1ed7i\u201d) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. H\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
                • Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u00f3m v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong c\u00e1ch s\u1edbm v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p; n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1803,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \ud83d\ude80","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. 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