![\"Hand-drawn](\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/data-flow-diagram-interview-prep-infographic-hand-drawn.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\nHi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hay th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n\n- Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 Gane & Sarson ho\u1eb7c Yourdon & Constantine), c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
\n\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n DeMarco (Yourdon)<\/th>\n Gane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh m\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nM\u0169i t\u00ean d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n M\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u2753<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ra. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 2: Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD).<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e2u 3: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trung c\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0.<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0). N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3) chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 5: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 6: M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 7: B\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 8: Black Hole trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>Black Hole x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 9: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh K\u00ec di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh K\u00ec di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Black Hole. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c logic. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 10: B\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong logic, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n logic l\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n
Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n xem b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 nhanh.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Kho ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n kho c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n
- Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho, X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n, G\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
- Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u2192 Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho \u2192 Thanh to\u00e1n \u2192 Giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\nT\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n
- C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Danh m\u1ee5c S\u00e1ch, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p>\nNh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y trong bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
1. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
2. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean. \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cChi ti\u1ebft Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cS\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
3. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trung gian. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\n\n\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\n Di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nLogic<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n C\u00f3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nQuy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n D\u00e3y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
- M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 cho quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef).<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1eef cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111en v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: M\u1eb9o ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nhanh \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
A: \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u270d\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p STAR (T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\n- T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
- H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt DFD nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n DFD \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. Xem l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 DFD logic. M\u1ed9t DFD logic th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u00e3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/interview-prep-data-flow-diagram-questions-answers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 Gane & Sarson ho\u1eb7c Yourdon & Constantine), c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n- Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
\n\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n DeMarco (Yourdon)<\/th>\n Gane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nH\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf<\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh m\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nM\u0169i t\u00ean d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n M\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u2753<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ra. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 2: Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD).<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e2u 3: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trung c\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 4: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0.<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0). N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3) chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 5: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 6: M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 7: B\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 8: Black Hole trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>Black Hole x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 9: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh K\u00ec di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh K\u00ec di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Black Hole. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c logic. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 10: B\u1ea1n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong logic, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n logic l\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n
Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n xem b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 nhanh.<\/p>\n
T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Kho ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n kho c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n
- Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho, X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n, G\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
- Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u2192 Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho \u2192 Thanh to\u00e1n \u2192 Giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\nT\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/li>\n
- C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Danh m\u1ee5c S\u00e1ch, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p>\nNh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y trong bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
1. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
2. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean. \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cChi ti\u1ebft Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cS\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
3. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n
D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trung gian. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\n\n\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\n Di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nLogic<\/td>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n C\u00f3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nQuy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n D\u00e3y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n
\n- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
- M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 cho quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef).<\/li>\n
- Gi\u1eef cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh giao nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111en v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: M\u1eb9o ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nhanh \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD n\u00ean c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3?<\/h3>\n
Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
A: \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u270d\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p STAR (T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\n- T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
- H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt DFD nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n DFD \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. Xem l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 DFD logic. M\u1ed9t DFD logic th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u00e3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n
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So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n
| T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n | DeMarco (Yourdon)<\/th>\n | Gane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n | H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n | H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||
| H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n | H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf<\/td>\n | H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh m\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | |||||||||||||||
| M\u0169i t\u00ean d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n | \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n | M\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u2753<\/h2>\nC\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\nA:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ra. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trung c\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0). N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3) chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m r\u00f5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>Black Hole x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh K\u00ec di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Black Hole. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c logic. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n A:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong logic, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n logic l\u1eb7p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n xem b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 nhanh.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Kho ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n kho c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed3n kho \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n Chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y trong bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean. \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cChi ti\u1ebft Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cS\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa hai c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trung gian. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n A: \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n Khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p STAR (T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt DFD nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/p>\n Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n DFD \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. Xem l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 DFD logic. M\u1ed9t DFD logic th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u00e3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\n |