{"id":1768,"date":"2026-03-31T14:07:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T14:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-explained-definitions-structures\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T14:07:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T14:07:44","slug":"data-flow-diagrams-explained-definitions-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-explained-definitions-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 DFD, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, DFD ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o logic quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, DFD v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, DFD h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sai c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ebf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c container th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh logic, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0)<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i?\u201d<\/p>\n

    2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 0 (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 0)<\/h3>\n

    C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    3. M\u1ee9c 1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n

    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ee9c 1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

    So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd DFD. Hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin logic nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Yourdon & DeMarco<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Gane & Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nHai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song n\u1eb1m ngang<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean cong ho\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong><\/td>\nV\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\nV\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Phong c\u00e1ch Yourdon & DeMarco th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169, trong khi phong c\u00e1ch Gane & Sarson th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa logic v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • DFD logic:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 logic, m\u1ed9t \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0 SQL, NoSQL hay t\u1ec7p ph\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed9t \u201cQuy tr\u00ecnh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cDuy\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3n vay\u201d, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 hay m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n AI.<\/li>\n
    • DFD v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3ng Oracle tr\u00ean M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 A\u201d. Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Java Servlet\u201d. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m logic \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc logic nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

      1. B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

      D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, tr\u1eeb khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ck\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      2. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d). C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d). Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d). S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      3. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

      Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

      4. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u201cN\u1ebfu X, th\u00ec Y\u201d. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u274c<\/h2>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • V\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o:<\/strong>Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
      • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        L\u1ee3i \u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>N\u00f3 gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan d\u1ec5 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
        • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n
        • N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang qua lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u2753<\/h2>\n

          S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u00f9ng cho logic m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n; DFD d\u00f9ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a hay x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00fa g\u1eafn v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda vector n\u00e0o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: ‘D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?’ Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. D\u00f9 cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a DFD cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1769,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i DFD \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i DFD \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-explained-definitions-structures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i DFD \ud83d\udcca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). 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