{"id":1766,"date":"2026-03-31T15:10:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T15:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/checklist-for-validating-data-flow-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T15:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T15:10:11","slug":"checklist-for-validating-data-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/checklist-for-validating-data-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u1ed7i DFD \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udccb Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c minh<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Gane & Sarson so v\u1edbi Yourdon & Coad). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
  • Xem x\u00e9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udd04 Th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    1. X\u00e1c minh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh (c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 -1) bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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    • N\u00fat qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n

      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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      • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 9). Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>T\u00ean n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00ednh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u2696\ufe0f Quy t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h2>\n

        M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1eadn \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cha.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha g\u1eedi \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau g\u1eedi \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n
        • X\u00e1c minh lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha. Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha. X\u00e1c minh ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong> C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cha ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

          \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h2>\n

          T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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          • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb theo sau l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb.\u0110\u00fang:<\/em> \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho.\u201d Sai:<\/em> \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt.\u0110\u00fang:<\/em> \u201cM\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.\u201d Sai:<\/em> \u201cM\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u.\u0110\u00fang:<\/em> \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.\u201d Sai:<\/em> \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh doanh. \u0110\u00fang:<\/em> \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.\u201d Sai:<\/em> \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d.\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udcca C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\nR\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, vi ph\u1ea1m logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c h\u1ed1 \u0111en<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t logic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c h\u1ed1 x\u00e1m<\/td>\nN\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nB\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 logic ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng cha v\u00e0 con ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac; tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83d\udcda Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (metadata) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
            • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Li\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
            • Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00ean thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
            • Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (s\u1ed1, chu\u1ed7i, ng\u00e0y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83e\udd1d Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n

              Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u2013 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh doanh:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong nh\u00e3n. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
              • Phi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y:<\/strong> T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> H\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong> Thu th\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c logic kinh doanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

                H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y mai. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong chu k\u1ef3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 logic quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng. Duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> Li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00fat bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n
                • Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c x\u1ea3y ra theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udd0d Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

                  Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chung, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                  1. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi quy tr\u00ecnh ghi v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ghi v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edf\/\u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1edf. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean kho:<\/strong>T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1eadp tin Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cT\u1eadp tin 1\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    2. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a logic quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                    C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho logic chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 DFD kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3), nh\u00e3n lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7\u201d so v\u1edbi \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7\u201d).<\/li>\n
                    • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ma thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      3. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01a1n:<\/strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean hai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1eeb khi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hai chi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                      • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                      • Kh\u00f4ng giao nhau:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83e\udde0 Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n

                        M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • T\u00ednh module:<\/strong>Chia c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 7 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                        • Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u00ecnh thoi cho c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u), v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                        • Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm s\u1ebd che gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
                        • M\u00e3 m\u00e0u:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ra) n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n in \u0111en tr\u1eafng v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \ud83d\udcdd Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

                          Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ebfm khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Tinh ch\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                          • V\u1ec7 sinh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                          • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                          • C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00fa ph\u00e1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c logic kinh doanh. S\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u01b0 duy, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m giao n\u1ed9p. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u2705","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[89,95],"class_list":["post-1766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dfd","tag-academic","tag-dfd"],"yoast_head":"\nDanh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u2705<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/checklist-for-validating-data-flow-diagrams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u2705\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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