{"id":1762,"date":"2026-04-01T03:47:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T03:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/complete-guide-data-flow-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T03:47:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T03:47:21","slug":"complete-guide-data-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/complete-guide-data-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn To\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c DFD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ra. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD ch\u1ec9 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00edch t\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed1n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong DFD \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\nN\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y.<\/td>\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp tin, H\u00f2m th\u01b0 email<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbc<\/h3>\n

    C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eedi ra ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en\u201d. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p m\u00e0u\u201d. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

    3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 gi\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u27a1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin thanh to\u00e1n\u201d), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cG\u1eedi thanh to\u00e1n\u201d). C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1: C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2: C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

    C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u201cT\u00ednh ph\u00ed\u201d, \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 hai phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin logic nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Yourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf cho c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n
    • Phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Gane v\u00e0 Sarson:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song n\u1eb1m ngang cho c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sinh ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho n\u00e0y sang kho kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i trung gian trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, n\u00f3 n\u00ean mang c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3:<\/strong> Khi chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

        1. V\u00f9ng \u0111en<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. M\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        2. V\u00f9ng x\u00e1m<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng x\u00e1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng\u201d, th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        3. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        4. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian hay v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d hay \u201csau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 logic ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u (h\u00ecnh thoi).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o DFD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
        2. V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf trung t\u00e2m. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n
        3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
        4. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
        5. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
        6. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n
        7. Chia nh\u1ecf th\u00eam:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 2 \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          L\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai DFD mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd01<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
            • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
            • V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
            • Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u2728<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d). \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
              • Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau:<\/strong> S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u00e9o nhau. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ch\u00e9o nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u1ea3y m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
              • H\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng logic ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"N\u1eafm v\u1eefng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. 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