{"id":1718,"date":"2026-04-09T17:35:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T17:35:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/future-outlook-will-nosql-eliminate-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-04-09T17:35:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T17:35:09","slug":"future-outlook-will-nosql-eliminate-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/future-outlook-will-nosql-eliminate-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn: NoSQL c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ee9c tranh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn dai d\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:Li\u1ec7u NoSQL c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (ERD) hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong> \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 NoSQL \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng tinh t\u1ebf trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ERD trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t ERD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3ng), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (c\u1ed9t) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join) tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n giao d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a NoSQL: M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quy t\u1eafc v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. Khi web m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang (th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ecdc (th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7). C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngang, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NoSQL, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 JSON. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang thay v\u00ec li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao. C\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh thay th\u1ebf cho b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng. S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ERD \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eeda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 khi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ea1i sao huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ERD\u201d v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \ud83d\udeab\ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n

      \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng NoSQL kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u201cN\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 JSON th\u00f4i.\u201d<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 JSON, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 truy v\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
      • \u201cM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.\u201d<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c. B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
      • \u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/strong> Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd 1-1 gi\u1eefa ERD v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng SQL \u0111ang d\u1ea7n phai nh\u1ea1t, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7mkh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a ERD \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng n\u1eefa; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng NoSQL, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

        D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a ERD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (SQL)<\/td>\nChu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nCao (Thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, Ch\u00e8n nh\u00fang<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ec9nh, C\u1ea1nh, Duy\u1ec7t<\/td>\nCao (Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td>\nT\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo \u0111\u1ecbnh danh<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u201cB\u1ea3ng\u201d sang \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00fat\u201d, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD V\u1eabn R\u1ea5t Quan Tr\u1ecdng \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef NoSQL linh ho\u1ea1t, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

        1. T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch trong kho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e8n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        2. M\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tra c\u1ee9u k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

        3. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o. Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quen k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        4. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 cho t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kho \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a cho NoSQL: V\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng NoSQL \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0 duy. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u201cs\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3\u201d thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ch\u00e8n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
        • Tham chi\u1ebfu:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ID. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
        • T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9tM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic<\/strong>thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u?<\/li>\n
          • B\u00ean n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu\u201d?<\/li>\n
          • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NoSQL \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. NoSQL l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

            1. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

            V\u00ec NoSQL cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00edt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean truy v\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n

            Trong NoSQL, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd truy v\u1ea5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean truy v\u1ea5n\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh NoSQL t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy v\u1ea5n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ghi.<\/p>\n

            3. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. V\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u00fat, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd quy m\u00f4 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

            Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

            Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • L\u1edbp x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 NoSQL hi\u1ec7n nay cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a NoSQL k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a SQL. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
            • M\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c ERD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo mi\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
            • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi AI:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eadt k\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ERD t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 truy v\u1ea5n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (SQL v\u00e0 NoSQL). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ERD to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

              N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

              1. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kinh doanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u201cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong SQL hay NoSQL. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

              2. \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef sau n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n

              Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eef cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

              3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. N\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNg\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

              4. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

              Xem c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Gi\u1eef ch\u00fang trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Khi b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              5. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1eebng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ERD SQL \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00fat-k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

              So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn song song \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

              Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (quan h\u1ec7)<\/th>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a NoSQL hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\nB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 linh ho\u1ea1t \/ \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nCh\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>\nChu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/td>\nPhi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \/ M\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Chi ph\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nCao (di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh (Logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              So s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/strong> trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u00f9 cho th\u1ef1c thi<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd th\u00edch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i s\u1eeda d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau. D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

              H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi ph\u00ed t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NoSQL, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ghi \u0111\u00e8 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u lu\u00f4n cao h\u01a1n chi ph\u00ed l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro cho nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83c\udf05<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u NoSQL c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ERD hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec NoSQL th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

              C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u01a1n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. ERD kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft \u0111i; n\u00f3 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n logic h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 b\u1ecf qua m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng NoSQL \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ebd v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

              S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 NoSQL. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. \ud83e\uddf1\u2728<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              B\u1ee9c tranh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"NoSQL c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng? Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83e\udde9","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 xem NoSQL c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng. 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