{"id":1637,"date":"2026-04-07T23:16:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T23:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/optimizing-legacy-entity-relationship-diagrams-high-throughput\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T23:16:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T23:16:20","slug":"optimizing-legacy-entity-relationship-diagrams-high-throughput","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/optimizing-legacy-entity-relationship-diagrams-high-throughput\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o dai d\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Khi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i logic kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \ud83d\udcbe<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n n\u00fat v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Chu\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i s\u00e2u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc l\u00e0m ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea3i cao.<\/li>\n
  • Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u201csai\u201d. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cao, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c I\/O, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    1. Chi ph\u00ed n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed7i thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 CPU. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy v\u1ea5n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c tra c\u1ee9u qua n\u0103m b\u1ea3ng. Khi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c thi logic. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    2. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t ghi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, hai b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu hai b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh (shard), th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f3a s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, giao d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giao d\u1ecbch hai b\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    3. D\u01b0 th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c cho m\u1ed7i thao t\u00e1c ch\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ghi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

    Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a so v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 ma tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\nGi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/th>\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (x\u1eed l\u00fd theo l\u00f4)<\/td>\nCao (B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ghi<\/td>\nCao (Giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i)<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\nACID m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\nNh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (1-2 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i)<\/td>\nPh\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (3 ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i tr\u1edf l\u00ean)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0110\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nT\u0129nh (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu)<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9ng (Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng; b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \ud83d\uded2<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e1n qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169<\/h3>\n

    Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea3ng orders<\/code> tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn order_items<\/code>, tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn products<\/code>. B\u1ea3ng products<\/code> tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn inventory<\/code>. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trang chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, backend th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean 800ms trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i k\u1eb9t h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cao trong c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3n kho<\/code>do c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD trong ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ghi.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h4>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Thay v\u00ec n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/code>b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m truy v\u1ea5n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 sao ch\u00e9p t\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00e3 SKU v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng order_items<\/code>t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
      • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n
      • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt sau khi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed3n kho<\/h4>\n

        B\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3n kho l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y tranh ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i t\u1ed3n kho sang m\u1ed9t kho ghi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eef h\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f3a SQL \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi t\u0103ng l\u00ean 400%.<\/li>\n
        • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n tr\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e1c:<\/strong> \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ed3n kho t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/h4>\n

          V\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u0169 tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean(customer_id, created_at)<\/code> \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

          1. G\u00e1n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u0169 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu logic m\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00f3a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

          2. Ghi song song<\/h3>\n

          Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

          3. \u0110\u1ecdc b\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n sao d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. So s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n c\u0169 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          4. Tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n

          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1edd t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1%). Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

          Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

          T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (KPI) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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          • \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u1edf ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb 95 v\u00e0 99.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong>Giao d\u1ecbch m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (TPS) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
          • Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 sao ch\u00e9p:<\/strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa n\u00fat ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00fat sao ch\u00e9p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hit b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • B\u1ecf qua chi ph\u00ed di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng terabyte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sang c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian. H\u00e3y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea1y ng\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ghi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ecf qu\u00ean logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. M\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \ud83d\udd27<\/h2>\n

              Sau khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn m\u1edbi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o pipeline CI\/CD. Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 backend hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi do c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

              T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2014d\u00f9 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed n\u1ed1i, xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a hay bloat ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

              M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. H\u00e3y coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n truy v\u1ea5n n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o dai d\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169 cho c\u00e1c backend x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \ud83d\ude80","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[89,92],"class_list":["post-1637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-database-design","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169 cho c\u00e1c backend x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-note.com\/vi\/optimizing-legacy-entity-relationship-diagrams-high-throughput\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169 cho c\u00e1c backend x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \ud83d\ude80\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. 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